differentiate between diffusion , osmosis , plasmolysis , deplasmolysis , endocytosis and exocytosis. What is the significance of each in day to day life?
Osmosis | Diffusion |
It involves movement of water molecules. | It is the movement of gaseous molecules. |
Occurs through a semi permeable membrane. | Membrane is not needed |
Movement from low concentration to high concentration of solute. | Movement from high concentration to low concentration of solute. |
In animals, osmosis helps in the distribution of nutrients and the release of metabolic waste products. In plants, osmosis is responsible for the absorption of soil water and for the elevation of the liquid to the leaves of the plant | To create energy Helps in exchange of gases during respiration, photosynthesis and transpiration. |
It occurs to short distances. | It can occur to long distances. |
Plasmolysis | Deplasmolysis |
When a cell is placed in hypertonic solution water comes out, from cytoplasm and vacuole. Cell membrane starts shrinking away from the cell wall. In preserving food items in highly concentrated sugar solutions in the case of jams and jellies |
When a plasmolysed cell is placed in hypotonic solution it starts absorbing water and becomes turgid. This is the reverse of plasmolysis When a dry grape is placed in hypotonic solution water starts to enter the grapes and it swells. |
Endocytosis | Exocytosis |
Endocytosis is the movement of particles into the cell. During endocytosis relatively large materials are moved into the cell by the infolding of the plasma membrane there are few different types of endocytosis such as pinocytosis and phagocytosis Nitrogen fixing bacteria enter the root cells in legumes through endocytosis |
Exocytosis is the movement of particles out of the cell. During exocytosis materials are moved out of the cell through a fusion of transport vesicles with the plasma membrane. The transport vesicle moves toward and attached to the membrane releasing the vesicles content in the extracellular fluid. Secretion of enzymes from pancreatic cells and hormones from endocrine glands is because of exocytosis |