Biology: Diversity in living organisms

Dear Student, A) The evidences shown in the picture are 1) Fossils which constitute the remains of the dead living organisms that have not been degraded over time and are found within rocks. 2) Embryo Development- embryos show common ancestry because embryos of certain species have similar structures during certain period of gestation after which they develop into different species. 3) Comparative anatomy which includes homologous and analogous organisms. B.) The evidence of evolution consists of 1.) Biogeography 2) Fossils 3) Anatomy 4) Genetics 5) observable evolution on small timescales. So we can say that Biogeography, genetics and observable evolution evidences are missing. C.) Analogous organs are those which do not have an identical type of origin or structure, but happen to perform the same function. Example, The wings of butteflies and birds are not the same in any aspect, be it structure or origin. Yet they have the same function - flying. Homologous organs are similar in origin (or are embryologically similar) but perform different functions. For example, the forelimbs of humans and the wings of birds look different externally but their skeletal structure is similar. It means that their origin is similar (as wings in birds are modifications of forearm) but functions are different - the wings help in flight whereas human forearm helps in various activities. Vestigial organs refers to the organ or part of an organism which were once important and useful in the organisms evolutionary past i.e. important to their ancestors but by time has been greatly reduced from the original ancestral form and becomes less functional and less important for that species. These organs may be reduced or becomes altered in their functioning during the process of evolution. For example human appendix. Regards