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Explain the nature of the covalent bond using bond formation in CH3Cl

Already answered by Meetu Misra our MeritNation Expert given as :

Carbon can neither lose four of its electrons nor gain four electrons as both the processes require extra amount of energy and would make the system unstable. Therefore, it completes its octet by sharing its four electrons with other carbon atoms or with atoms of other elements. The bonds that are formed by sharing electrons are known as covalent bonds. In covalent bonding, both the atoms share the valence electrons, i.e., the shared electrons belong to the valence shells of both the atoms.

Here, carbon requires 4 electrons to complete its octet, while each hydrogen atom requires one electron to complete its duplet. Also, chlorine requires an electron to complete the octet. Therefore, all of these share the electrons and as a result, carbon forms 3 bonds with hydrogen and one with chlorine.

 

 

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The atomic number of carbon is 6 and its electronic configuration is 2, 4. Thus, there are 4 electrons in the valence shell of carbon and it needs 4 more to complete its octet. Hydrogen, on the other hand has one electron in its valence shell and needs one more in order to complete its duplet. Also, the atomic number of chlorine is 17 and its electronic configuration is 2, 8, 7. It needs one electron more in order to complete its octet. Carbon therefore shares one of its four valence electrons with chlorine and remaining three with three hydrogen atoms. Thus, carbon forms one covalent bond to chlorine and three covalent bonds with three hydrogen atoms.
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A covalent bond, also called a molecular bond, is a chemical bond that involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms. These electron pairs are known as shared pairs. the shared electrons belong to the valence shells of both the atoms. For eg refer to the picture below

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Covalent bond in this is single bond and functional group halogens
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