Halogens are ortho para directing but ring deactivator towards electrophiliv substitution rxn. Explain

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Please find the solution to the asked query:


Halogens are ortho para directing but also ring deactivating in nature.
This is because of two factors:

1.Reactivity towards an electrophile:
The reactivity towards an electrophile depends upon the electron density on the benzene ring.
If the electron density increases, the electrophile attacks easily. As Cl withdraws electrons through inductive effect (-I effect), it tends to destabilise the intermediate carbocation towards electrophilic substitution


2. Directive influence
Although Cl benzene is less reactive towards electrophilic aromatic substitution, but if the electrophile attacks and the product is to be formed, then it will be o- and p-position.
This is because through resonance halogen tends to stabilise the carbocation and the effect is more pronounced at o and p-positions.




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