what is electric dipole ?

 

AN ELECTRIC DIPOLE IS THE DISTANCE BTW TWO DIPOLES

THE DISTANCE BTW TWO DIPOLE IS 2a

2  = n opp. charges seperated by a distance

ELECTRIC DIPOLE MEANS 2 CHARGES ARE SEPARATED BY DISTANCE 2L & CHARGE IS q where p= 2l.q

It is the pair of equal and opposite point charges separated by some small distance.

the total charge of the electic dipole is zero, as opposite charge cancel each otheR. BUT THE FIELD OF THE E.P. IS NOT ZERO.

A system of two equal and opposite charges separated by a certain distance is called electric dipole.

 The electric dipole moment for a pair of opposite charges of magnitude q is defined as the magnitude of the charge times the distance between them

 A electric dipole is difined as the system of two equal but opposite charges seprated by certain distance.In a given axis.  

it is a system of two equal and opposite charges which are placed very close to each other is called electric dipole.

It consists of a set of same and opposite charges separated by a small distance. Let us consider some of the examples of the electric dipoles are HCl, CO ₂ , Water etc. These are considered to be as the examples of the electric dipole because the separation distance between the negative and positive charged elements is very less.

The above figure is the example of H₂0 showing the angles between its elements. The dipole moment P is directed towards hydrogen from that of oxygen i.e. from negative to positive charge.

Often in physics the dimensions of a massive object can be ignored and can be treated as a pointlike object, i.e. a point particle. Point particles with electric charge are referred to as point charges. Two point charges, one with charge +q and the other one with charge −q separated by a distance d, constitute an electric dipole (a special case of an electric multipole). For this case, the electric dipole moment has a magnitude

• An electric dipole is a separation of  positive and negative charges ._^​​​

Any two point charges which are equal in magnitude but have opposite signs and are separated by a small distance are said to be “electric dipole”

In the diagram, if -q and +q are two charges having equal magnitude and departed by a distance “d”
Then, this system forms an electric dipole.
Here p=qd is called the dipole moment, which is the measure of the effect of an electric dipole and is a vector quantity which is directed from the negative charge to the positive charge of the dipole as in the above figure. 

Introduction to Electric Dipole

An electric dipole is tagged as a pair of objects which possess equal & opposite charges, parted by a significantly small distance. Let us take two charges having equal magnitude ‘Q’, which are separated by the distance ‘D’.

Here we assume the first charge to be negative, while the second charge stays positive. You can call this particular combination as an electric dipole. Hence, we can state that an electric dipole is formed due to the grouping of equal & opposite charges when separated by an assured distance.

What is the Dipole Moment?

It is basically the exact measure of the strength associated with an electric dipole. Based on scientific and mathematical conclusions, the dipole moment magnitude is the product of either of the charges and the separation distance (d) between them. Do remember that, the dipole moment is a vector measure whose direction runs from negative to a positive charge.

The formula for electric dipole moment for a pair of equal & opposite charges is p = qd, the magnitude of the charges multiplied by the distance between the two.

Dipole Placed in Electric Field

Although the two forces acting on the dipole ends cancel each other as free vectors, they do act as different points.  Hence, it does develop a torque on the dipole. Further, there is a rotating effect due to this torque which is experienced by the dipole.

The torque (t) magnitude considering the dipole center is the sum of the two forces times their respective distance arms, that is:

|t| = 2q |E|a sin q

=   |p||E| sin q

t = p × E    (expressed in newton-meter)

Therefore, in the presence of the uniform electric field, a dipole tends to align itself parallel to the concerned field. For this to happen, there are other conditions too, that is, orientation stays at some non-zero angle denoted as ‘q’. Further, potential energy needs to be stored in the dipole at a preferred orientation, which starts from q = 0 to a nonzero q.

Solved Examples for You

Question: What is the dipole moment for a dipole having equal charges -2C and 2C separated with a distance of 2cm.

Solution: The calculated dipole moment for this condition is, p = q x d. Thus, p = 2 x 0.02 = 0.04 C-m.

Question: What is electric potential for a dipole? Electric potential due to a Dipole (V)

Solution: Let us assume there are two charges, –q, fixed at point A, and +q fixed at point B. These two are separated by a distance d, thus creating a dipole. Now, suppose the midpoint between AB is O. Therefore, the electric potential as a result of the dipole placed at any point P, when OP = r, is calculated as:

V = (1/4πε) x pcosΘ / r²